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NEW  GUIDE  TO  ORANGE  CULTURE 
E.A.  Manville 


,** 


LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

DAVIS 


t 


ORANGE  CULTURE 


A.  H. 


CONTENTS. 


REFERENCES 

PREFACE B 

ORANGE  CULTURE — 

Location,  Situation  and  Exposure,  Soil,  Prep- 
aration of  the  Ground,  Season  for  Trans- 
planting, Choice  of  Trees,  Varieties,  Dis- 
4  tance  Apart,  Planting,  Mulching,  After -Cul- 
tivation, Pruning,  Fertilizing,  Diseases  and 
Insects 5 

SPECIAL  NOTICE — 

To  Correspondents — Terms 10 

DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE — 

The  Sweet  Orange,  The  Bigarade  Orange, 
The  Mandarin  Orange,  The  Lemon,  The 
Lime,  The  Citron,  The  Shaddock,  The  Ber- 
gamot,  East  India  Species 11 

PRICE  LIST — 

Trees  by  Mail 18 

JAPAN  PERSIMMON 19 

^ 

MISCELLANEOUS.     (See  3d  page  of  cover.) 

ADVERTISEMENT — 

Orange  Fruit.     (See  4th  page  of  cover.) 


NEW  GUIDE 


TO 


ORANGE  CULTURE 

DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE  AND  PRICE  LIST 


OF    THE 


MANVILLE    NURSERIES 

E.  A.  and  A.  H.  MANYILLE,  Proprietors, 

LAKE   GEORGE,    FLORIDA. 


JACKSONVILLE,  FLA.: 

AS  II  MEAD    BROTHERS,     BOOK     AND    JOB     PRINTERS. 
1879. 


s 


LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


References  by  Permission. 


SOLON  ROBINSON,  Esq.,  formerly  Agricultural  Editor 
N.  Y*  Tribune,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

N.  K.  SAWYER,  Esq.,  Editor  /Sun  and  Press,  Jackson- 
ville, Fla. 

D.  REDMOND,  Esq.,  formerly  Agricultural  Editor  Sun 
and  Prexs,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Gr.  W.  DAVIS,  Esq.,  Member  Pomological  Committee 
Florida  Fruit  Growers'  Association,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Rev.  T.  W.  MOORE,  author  "  Hand  Book  on  Orange 
Culture,"  Fruit  Cove,  Fla. 

C.  CODRINGTON,  Esq.,  Editor  Florida  Agriculturist^  L)e 
Land,  Fla. 

Rev.  JAMES  T.  LEWTON,  P.  E.,  Orange  City,  Fla. 


PREFACE. 


E  have  been  engaged  in  orange  culture  for  the  last  ten  years.     Dur- 
ing  this  time  we  have  found  it  necessary  to  propagate  nursery  stock 
for  our  own  use.     The  demand  for  our  surplus  stock  has  so  increased 
that  we  now  feel  warranted  in  making  this  a  special  branch  of  our 
business. 

Florida  is  a  growing  State,  and  no  branch  of  industry  is  attracting  more 
attention  than  orange  culture.  A  large  amount  of  capital  is  being  invested 
in  this  business,  attracted  no  doubt  by  the  large  profits  realized  from  bear- 
ing groves.  The  number  of  groves  started  in  1870  exceeded  that  of  any 
previous  year.  A  large  portion  of  these  trees  died,  or  were  irrecoverably 
stunted  by  unseasonable  transplantation,  improper  soil,  location,  or  manage- 
ment. This  was  largely  owing  to  the  ignorance  of  many  respecting  the 
peculiarities  of  our  soil  and  climate,  and  the  habits  of  semi-tropical  fruit 
trees. 

To  afford  some  reliable  information  among  many  conflicting  statements 
we  have  added  to  our  Catalogue  a  brief  but  comprehensive  GUIDE  TO 
ORANGE  CULTURE.  We  have  avoided  all  doubtful  points,  and  include  only 
such  facts  as  are  generally  accepted.  To  those  who  wish  a  more  complete 
work  on  the  subject,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  the  ;' Treatise 
and  Hand  Book  on  Orange  Culture,"  by  T.  W.  Moore,  of  Fruit  Cove,  Fla. 
THE  CITRUS  is  OUR  SPECIALTY;  we  endeavor  to  make  our  collection  in 
this  department  as  complete  as  possible.  We  have  carefully  studied  the 
nomenclature  and  classification  of  this  family  of  plants,  which  is  perhaps 
more  confused  than  any  other  cultivated  fruit.  All  the  varieties  contained 
in  the  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE  have  been  obtained  from  thoroughly  reli- 
able sources.  We  have  visited  the  principal  groves  in  the  State,  securing 
buds  of  the  best  native  varieties  from  the  original  trees.  Our  leading  varie- 
ties are  propagated  from  bearing  trees.  In  connection  with  our  nursery  is 
a  bearing  grove  where  stock  is  propagated  and  the  different  varieties  are 


PREFACE. 

tested.  While  we  introduce  many  new  varieties,  we  recommend  for  gen- 
eral culture  only  such  as  have  been  thoroughly  tried.  We  give  our  personal 
attention  to  every  branch  of  the  business,  especially  to  grafting  and  bud- 
ding, in  order  to  insure  certainty  in  our  kinds.  Our  stocks  have  all  been 
transplanted,  and  are  vigorous  and  healthy. 

Our  long  experience  in  growing  and  shipping  the  orange  has,  to  some 
extent,  qualified  us  to  choose  varieties  suited  to  the  various  locations  and 
purposes  of  our  customers.  We  shall  be  glad  to  make  selections  for  any 
who  may  desire  it. 

Correspondence  from  all  persons  interested  in  orange  culture  will  receive 
prompt 'attention.  Those  who  are  not  desirous  of  purchasing  trees  will 
please  enclose  a  stamp  for  reply. 

Our  nursery  is  centrally  located  on  the  direct  route  of  the  St  John's 
River  steamers.  All  through  boats  stop  at  Lake  George.  The  mail  steam- 
ers leave  Palatka  during  the  winter  months  every  morning  and  return  the 
same  day,  giving  about  three  hours  at  Lake  George. 


ORANGE  CULTURE. 


'OCATION. — A  location  remote  from  market,  or  through  line  of  transporta- 
l  tion,  occasions  great  inconvenience  and  expense  in  marketing  the  crop, 
and  in  procuring  the  necessary  implements,  supplies,  etc.  The  pros- 
pective orange  grower  should  locate  near  a  town  or  village,  and,  if, 
possible,  upon  some  navigable  stream  or  railroad.  The  country  along  the 
St.  John's  River  and  its  tributaries  offers  especial  facilities  in  these  respects. 
The  proximity  of  muck  for  fertilizing  purposes  is  an  item  of  importance. 

Situation  and  Exposure.  —  The  orange,  when  surrounded  by  the  proper 
natural  protection,  will  stand  a  considerable  degree  of  cold.  In  exposed 
situations,  especially  after  the  trees  have  commenced  growing  in  the  spring, 
sudden  frosts  often  do  much  damage.  More  depends  upon  local  conditions 
than  upon  latitude.  Orange  trees  in  Southern  Georgia  have  escaped  injury 
during  severe  cold,  which  killed  trees  in  South  Florida.  The  best  situations 
are  protected  on  the  northwest  by  bodies  of  water,  which  are  more  or  less 
efficacious  according  to  their  extent  and  proximity.  These  serve  to  temper 
the  cold  winds  of  winter,  which  come  from  this  direction.  Where  there 
is  no  water  protection,  a  protection  of  forest  trees  is  excellent.  Unlike  the 
above,  this  should  be  arranged  to  shelter  the  trees  on  the  southeast ;  it  is 
the  morning  sun  that  injures  the  trees  after  they  have  been  frozen.  In  ex- 
posed places,  where  it  is  impracticable  to  leave  the  native  growth,  forest 
trees  should  be  planted  for  this  purpose.  Mature  trees  protect  themselves 
by  their  dense  foliage,  and  are  seldom  seriously  injured  by  frost.  Young 
trees  without  natural  protection  should  be  artificially  protected  from  severe 
cold  during  winter. 

Soil. — Any  soil  not  susceptible  of  thorough  drainage,  is  unfit  for  orange 
culture.  Low  pine  lands,  called  "flat  woods,"  should  be  avoided;  and  all 
lands  which  have  a  subsoil  of  ''hard-pan,"  or  quicksand.  The  high,  grey 
hummocks  and  rolling  pine  lands  are  best  adapted  to  the  orange.  It  also 
flourishes  in  hummocks  where  clay,  sand,  shell,  or  loam  predominates. 
The  low,  rich  hummocks,  where  well  drained,  make  fine  trees,  and  have 
some  decided  advantages ;  it  is  probable,  however,  that  the  trees  will  not 
attain  as  great  age  as  upon  the  high  lands.  This  is  also  the  case  with  dark, 
loamy  pine  lands,  which  are  free  from  "hard-pan,"  and  admit  of  drainage. 
Clay  or  sand  affords  a  good  subsoil ;  marl  is  especially  desirable. 

Preparation  of  the  Ground. — It  is  of  great  importance  that  the  soil  be  properly 
prepared.  It  is  more  profitable  to  wait  a  year,  or  even  longer,  than  to  set 
trees  before  the  soil  has  been  rendered  perfectly  friable  by  cultivation. 
Orange  trees  will  not  thrive  upon  new,  "sour"  land,  and  if  set  on  such 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


land,  may  be  permanently  stunted.  Soil  intended  for  orange  trees  should 
be  thoroughly  broken  up  and  pulverized  before  the  trees  are  planted.  If 
the  soil  is  not  naturally  dry,  it  requires  draining.  Where  there  is  sufficient 
descent,  under-dralnage  should  be  used— it  is  more  effectual  and  less  ex- 
pensive in  the  end. 

Season  for  Transplanting. — Orange  trees  should  be  transplanted  during  the 
winter,  when  they  are  not  making  new  wood.  We  begin  moving  nursery 
stock  and  large  trees  on  our  own  place  as  soon  as  they  stop  growing  in  the 
fall — usually  in  November — and  continue  the  operation  until  they  show 
signs  of  starting  in  the  spring.  Thousands  of  trees  are  lost  annually  by 
being  moved  late  in  the  season,  when  they  are  full  of  sap  and  growing  rap- 
idly. The  most  favorable  time  is  during  the  month  of  January  and  the 
early  part  of  February.  Trees  commence  growing  in  February,  and  should 
never  be  moved  after  the  fifteenth  of  this  month.  Some  years  small  trees 
can  be  safely  transplanted  in  the  rainy  season  of  the  summer,  but  it  is  bet- 
ter to  defer  it  until  winter. 

Choice  of  Trees. — Young,  transplanted  trees  from  the  nursery  should  be  se- 
lected ;  they  have  well-developed  fibrous  roots,  are  little  retarded  by  mov- 
ing, and  easily  adapt  themselves  to  the  various  circumstances  of  soil,  loca- 
tion, etc.  The  orange  does  not  reproduce  itself  with  certainty  from  the  seed. 
Seedling  trees  are  much  longer  in  attaining  maturity  than  budded  trees,  and 
have  no  advantages  over  the  latter.  Budded  trees  should  therefore  be  se- 
lected in  all  cases.  So-called  "sour  stocks"  are  more  hardy  and  vigorous 
than  the  sweet ;  they  are  especially  adapted  to  low  land,  where  the  latter 
do  not  thrive.  Sweet  stocks  are  admissible  on  the  high  lands,  and  are  pre- 
ferred by  some.  A  bud  of  one  or  two  years'  growth  on  a  stock  three  or 
four  years  old,  is  the  most  profitable  and  convenient  size  and  age, 

Varieties.- — The  Navel  ranks  first,  in  our  opinion,  among  the  different  va- 
rieties of  the  orange.  It  possesses  all  the  desirable  qualities  of  our  native 
fruit ;  its  distinguishing  mark  will  always  give  it  a  high  market  value,  and 
prevent  deception  on  the  part  of  dealers.  While  not  as  prolific  as  some 
varieties,  it  is  unusually  large.  The  Du  Roi,  if  marketed  early  in  the  sea- 
son before  its  ribs  become  indistinct,  like  the  above,  has  the  advantage  of  a 
distinguishing  mark.  During  the  past  few  years  many  fine  native  varieties 
have  been  brought  to  public  notice.  These  are  all  very  similar,  the  differ- 
ence between  them  being  too  slight  to  distinguish  them  in  market,  and  of 
little  importance  to  growers  generally,  though  of  interest  to  amateurs. 
The  Peerless,  which  stands  first  in  our  list  of  native  varieties,  has  no  su- 
perior among  those  which  have  been  produced  in  the  State.  It  has  been  in- 
troduced by  ourselves,  and,  after  testing  its  merits  for  several  years,  we 
recommend  it  for  general  culture.  The  Magnum  Bonum,  Ilomosassa,  and 
Nonpareil,  named  and  classified  by  the  Nomenclature  Committee  of  the 
Florida  Fruit  Growers'  Association,  have  acquired  a  deservedly  high  repu- 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


tation.  Old  Yini,  Arcadia,  Sweet  Seville,  etc.,  are  also  excellent  varieties. 
The  Egg  and  Tardiff  are  especially  valuable  for  home  consumption,  the 
former  being  very  early  and  the  latter  very  late.  No  grove  is  complete  with- 
out a  few  Mandarin  trees.  The  Bijou  is  the  best  for  general  culture  and 
home  use.  The  China  is  very  ornamental,  and  may  be  regarded  as  the 
type  of  the  species.  We  regard  the  French's  Seedling  Lemon  as  being  the 
best  grown  in  the  State.  It  is  in  no  way  inferior  to  the  European  fruit,  and 
we  have  no  hesitancy  in  recommending  its  culture  for  market.  The  Lamb 
Lemon  is  an  excellent  fruit,  regarded  by  many  as  the  best.  The  Florida 
lime  is  superior  to  the  lemon  as  an  acid  fruit  for  home  use ;  it  is  also  a  profi- 
table market  fruit. 

Distance  Apart. — Sweet  Seedlings  grow  larger  than  budded  trees,  and  bud- 
ded trees  on  sweet  stocks  than  those  on  sour.  Sweet  seedlings  should  be 
set  thirty  feet  apart ;  budded  trees  on  sweet  stocks,  twenty-five  feet,  and  on 
sour,  twenty  feet  apart.  Trees  can  be  set  much  closer  in  garden  culture, 
where  root  pruning  is  periodically  practiced,  or  where  dwarf  trees  are  used. 

Planting. — In  its  normal  condition  the  large  brace  roots  of  the  orange  tree 
are  exposed  above  the  ground  at  the  collar.  Deep  planting  is  a  prolific 
source  of  disease,  and,  if  the  tree  survives,  there  is  little  prospect  of  its  ever 
becoming  vigorous.  This  occasions  more  of  loss  and  failure  in  orange  cul- 
ture than  all  other  causes  combined.  After  the  trees  have  been  set  out  they 
will  settle  several  inches,  and  should  therefore  be  raised  three  or  four  inches 
above  the  surface,  even  on  the  highest  land.  On  low  land  they  should 
be  raised  even  higher,  and  it  is  a  good  plan  to  place  the  trees  on  a  ridge 
sloping  down  gradually  to  a  water  furrow  in  the  center  of  the  row.  In  our 
practice,  we  never  dig  a  hole  for  a  tree,  but  thoroughly  pulverize  the  soil 
and  spread  the  lateral  roots  above  the  surface  ;  when  the  trees  have  settled 
they  remain  but  little,  if  any,  above  their  former  level.  Before  planting, 
the  broken  roots  should  be  removed  with  a  sharp  knife,  and  the  branches 
cut  back  fully  half  their  length.  Immediately  before  putting  the  trees  in 
the  ground  it  is  well  to  dip  the  roots  in  a  thin  mud  made  of  rich  soil.  The 
earth  should  be  pressed  carefully  and  firmly  about  the  roots  with  the  hand, 
giving  them  as  nearly  as  possible  their  former  position.  The  use  of  water 
while  planting  hinders  the  operation,  but  if  the  ground  is  dry,  should  be 
plentifully  applied  when  the  work  is  finished.  It  is  better  to  select  a  cool, 
wet  time  than  to  depend  on  watering.  Trees  from  the  nursery  should  be 
"healed  in  "  when  received,  and  planted  out  at  leisure.  In  the  winter  they 
will  remain  safely  in  this  condition  for  several  weeks. 

Mulching. — Whether  the  season  be  wet  or  dry,  the  trees  should  be  well 
mulched  at  the  time  of  planting.  This  is  always  a  benefit  to  newly-planted 
trees,  and  in  dry  seasons,  serves  to  keep  the  ground  moist  and  the  trees 
fresh  until  they  are  firmly  established.  Grass,  leaves,  or  other  light  litter, 
makes  the  best  mulch.  Nothing  containing  woody  fiber  will  do,  as  it  breeds 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


wood-lice,  which  are  liable  to  girdle  the  tree.  The  ground  for  several  feet 
arouud  the  tree  should  be  covered  to  the  depth  of  four  or  five  inches  with 
this  mulch.  Mulching  trees  during  the  hot,  dry  months  of  summer  protects 
the  roots  from  injury  by  the  sun. 

After-Culture. — While  the  trees  are  young,  the  space  between  the  rows  can 
be  cultivated  with  the  plow,  and  a  light,  inexhaustive  crop  raised.  Care 
must  be  fcaken,  however,  to  narrow  the  area  plowed  each  year  so  as  not  to 
disturb  the  roots  of  the  trees.  The  trees  will  suffer  materially  if  their  roots 
are  injured.  Among  older  trees  where  the  roots  have  extended  themselves 
over  the  surface,  the  best  implement  for  cultivating  is  the  "sweep."  This 
keeps  down  the  weeds  and  grass,  yet  does  not  run  deep  enough  to  reach  the 
roots  of  the  trees.  The  orange  requires  thorough  cultivation,  and  the  soil 
should  be  constantly  stirred  during  the  growing  season.  In  the  fall,  culti- 
vation can  be  suspended  until  the  following  spring ;  many  prefer  to  keep 
their  groves  free  from  grass  and  weeds  the  year  round. 

Pruning. — Although  the  orange  tree  requires  but  little  pruning,  the  skillful 
orange -grower  will  find  something  to  do  in  this  department  every  year,  at 
least  until  the  trees  reach  the  bearing  age.  This  tree  should  be  encouraged 
to  form  a  low  head,  as  the  foliage  protects  the  stem  and  roots  from  the  sun 
and  frost.  The  interior  of  the  tree  should  be  kept  open  by  removing  sur- 
plus limbs,  to  admit  light  and  air ;  and,  by  extending  the  lateral  branches, 
to  increase  the  bearing  surface  of  the  tree.  "  Water"  shoots,  and  unshape- 
ly, diseased  or  dead  branches  should  be  removed  with  a  sharp  knife.  When 
large  trees  are  to  be  moved  .they  should  be  root-pruned  several  months  be- 
fore they  are  taken  up  to  secure  an  abundance  of  fibrous  roots.  Root- 
pruning  can  also  be  applied  with  advantage  in  the  management  of  dwarf 
or  garden  trees,  and  to  promote  fruitf  ulness. 

Fertilizing. — The  orange  tree  responds  generously  to  a  judicious  application 
of  fertilizers.  It  is  better  not  to  apply  these  when  the  trees  are  planted, 
but  to  wait  until  they  have  taken  root.  Some  commercial  manures  are  said 
to  produce  good  effect— we  have  had  little  experience  with  them.  Turn- 
ing in  green  crops  is  a  practical  and  inexpensive  method  of  fertilization, 
particularly  on  the  high  pine  and  other  light,  dry  soil.  The  cow  pea  is  es- 
pecially valuable  for  this  purpose.  When  a  more  immediate  effect  is  de- 
sired, the  pease  or  other  growth  can  be  ' '  listed  "  in  around  the  tr^es.  Muck, 
composted  with  animal  manures,  or  with  lime,  is  an  excellent  fertilizer.  A 
well-rotted  compost  of  muck,  succulent  vegetable  tissue,  and  lime  and  salt, 
is.  perhaps,  the  best  fertilizer  for  the  orange.  The  above  can  be  scattered 
broadcast,  or,  if  this  be  too  expensive,  can  be  spread  around  the  trees  at 
the  extremity  of  the  lateral  roots.  In  applying  fertilizers  the  orange-grower 
should  be  guided  by  the  nature  and  condition  of  his  soil,  supplying  those 
elements  which  are  lacking.  Nitrogenous  manures  should  be  used  sparingly, 
and  never  until  thoroughly  decomposed. 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


Diseases  and  Insects. — Trees  planted  correctly,  and  kept  in  a  healthy,  vigor- 
ous condition  by  proper  cultivation  and  management,  will  not  suffer  seri- 
ously from  insects  nor  be  liable  to  disease.  The  most  common  and  perni- 
cious disease  that  effects  the  orange  tree  is  known  as  the ' '  die-back. "  There 
are  many  forms  and  modifications  of  this  disease,  produced,  perhaps,  in  as 
many  different  ways.  Whatever  may  be  its  specific  character,  its  causes 
are  apparent  and  the  prevention  easy.  Deep  planting,  disturbing  the  roots 
by  plowing,  a  soil  saturated  with  water,  "  hard-pan"  or  quicksand  subsoil 
in  contact  with  the  roots,  and  the  application  of  partially  decayed  nitrogen- 
ous fertilizers,  are  all  prolific  sources  of  this  disease.  Where  the  trees  are 
planted  too  deep,  or  the  fault  is  in  the  soil  beyond  remedy  by  drainage,  the 
trees  must  be  raised  or  moved.  In  all  other  cases  the  trees  will  speedily 
recover  on  the  removal  of  the  immediate  cause.  The  most  formidable 
insect  enemy  of  the  orange  is  the  scale  insect.  It  seldom  attacks  vigorous 
healthy  trees,  and  its  ravages  need  not  be  feared  where  the  trees  are  in  good 
condition.  The  application  of  strong  soap-suds  is  the  most  efficient  means 
of  removing  them ;  whale-oil  soap  is  preferable  for  this  purpose. 


SPECIAL    NOTICE. 


To  Correspondents. 

>EE  early  before  our  stock  has  been  reduced  or  any  of  our  varieties 
exhausted.  In  the  height  of  the  season,  when  orders  «are  pressing, 
delays  will  inevitably  occur. 

Remittances  should  be  made  by  registered  letter,  check  on  Jack- 
sonville, draft  on  New  York,  or  post-office  money-order  on  Palatka  P.  O. , 
Florida. 

Addresses  should  be  distinctly  written,  and  explicit  directions  given  as 
to  manner  and  route  of  shipment. 

Transportation  is  at  the  expense  of  purchasers.  Our  trees  are  packed 
securely,  labeled  distinctly,  and  delivered  on  board  river  steamboats  free  of 
charge.  No  responsibility  will  be  assumed  after  shipment. 


Terms. 

Our  terms  are  STRICTLY  CASH  IN  ADVANCE.  Our  customers  will  please 
favor  us  by  sending  no  orders  unaccompanied  by  the  cash,  or  its  equivalent, 
as  we  make  no  deviation  from  the  foregoing  rule. 


DESCRIPTIVE    CATALOOUE. 


To  facilitate  selection,  the  most  desirable  of  the  following  varieties  are 
marked  with  an  asterisk,  [*] 

THE  SWEET  ORANGE,  (Citrus  aurantium.) 

?rees  of  moderate  size  and  compact  form  ;  foliage  dark  green  ;  leaves 
)blong,  acute ;  leaf-stalks  winged,  shoots  whitish,  flowers  white,  fruit 
round,  of  a  deep  yellow  color.  It  has  received  more  attention  than 
the  other  species,  hence  the  many  varieties. 
The  Sweet  Orange  is  divided  into  two  classes — the  orange  of  Portugal, 
and  the  China  Orange.  The  former  may  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  the 
species,  and  is  the  common  sweet  orange  of  Florida.  The  latter  is  distin- 
guished by  the  smooth,  thin  skin,  and  the  exceedingly  sweet  and  tender 
pulp  of  the  fruit ;  the  foliage  is  less  dense  than  that  of  the  Portugal  orange, 
the  leaves  are  more  elliptical  and  acute,  and  the  branches  slender  and  strag- 
gling. The  Sweet  Seville  and  Egg  Orange  of  Florida  are  examples  of  the 
China  Orange ;  the  Navel  and  St.  Michael's  present  some  of  the  character- 
istics of  this  class,  and  may  perhaps  be  included  in  it. 

The  Navel,  C.  A.  Umbilicata;  the  Du  Roi,  C.  A.  Costata;  the  Blood, 
C.  A.  Sanguinea ;  the  Egg,  C.  A.  Pyrifonnis,  are  all  distinctly  marked  va- 
rieties. With  these  exceptions  those  varieties  which  have  been  fruited  in 
Florida  have  few  distinctive  characteristics. 

Arcadia.  —  Size  large;  form  somewhat  flattened;  color  deep;  skin 
smooth;  grain  coarse,  pulp  melting,  juice  slightly  sub-acid,  quality  good. 

Supposed  seedling  raised  at  Arcadia.  Florida,  and  introduced  by  the  Rev. 
Wm.  W.  Hicks. 

Buena  Vista. — Synonym,  Sweet  Seville. — Size  medium,  slightly  flat- 
tened, color  dark  crimson,  skin  smooth,  pulp  coarse,  but  melting  ;  juice 
sub-acid,  sprightly,  with  vinous  flavor;  quality  good. 

Seedling  raised  by  Col.  F.  L.  Dancy,  Orange  Mills,  Florida. 

Beach's  No.  3. — Size  medium,  shape  flattened,  color  light  orange,  pulp 
tender,  juice  sub-acid,  ripens  December  1. 

Introduced  and  raised  by  A.  J.  Beach  &  Son,  Palatka,  Florida. 

Botelha.— A.  variety  from  Mr.  Rivers',  the  well-known  nurseryman  of 
Sawbridgeworth,  England.  Fruit  said  to  be  of  superior  quality,  having  a 
thin  rind  and  rich  pulp. 


12  NEW    GUIDE    TO    OKANGE    CULTURE. 


Bell.— Size  large,  form  pear  or  bell-shaped,  skin  thin  and  smooth,  color 
light  orange,  pulp  melting  and  delicious.  Except  in  the  size  of  the  fruit  it 
closely  resembles  the  Egg,  q.  v. 

Creole. — A  large,  fine  orange  of  delicious  flavor  and  excellent  shipping 
qualities.  It  was  introduced  into  Florida  from  Louisiana,  by  Mr.  J.  L. 
Burton,  of  Crescent  City,  Florida. 

Dll  Roi. — A  medium  sized  orange,  with  tender  pulp  and  delicious  fla- 
vor. While  growing,  the  fruit  is  marked  by  longitudinal  stripes  of  light 
and  dark  green ;  when  ripe  is  ribbed  like  a  muskmelon.  This  appearance 
gradually  becomes  indistinct  if  allowed  to  remain  long  on  the  tree  after 
ripening.  The  skin  is  firm.  The  tree  a  strong  grower  and  prolific  bearer. 

Imported  and  introduced  by  Mr.  S.  B.  Parsons,  the  well-known  nursery- 
man of  Flushing,  N.  Y.  It  has  been  fruited  for  several  years  in  Florida. 

DulciSSima.— Synonym,   Dulcis.     Fruit  small,  very  sweet,  generally 
seedless.     A  prolific  bearer.     Well  known  in  Paris- 
Imported  by  Mr.  A.  I.  Bidwell,  Jacksonville,  Florida 

Excelsior. — Medium  sized,  round,  sweet,'  delicious,  slight  pine-apple 
flavor. 
Imported  by  Mr.  Parsons. 

Exquisite. — A  thin  rinded,  rich  and  juicy  fruit.  A  variety  from  Rivers, 
not  yet  fruited  in  Florida. 

Egg. — Small  size,  oval,  thin  skinned,  very  sweet,  and  lacking  the  sub- 
acid  of  other  varieties.  It  is  very  early,  and  then  at  its  highest  perfection. 
Tree  hardy,  leaves  elliptical,  acute,  and  scattering ;  branches  slender  and 
thornless. 

It  has  long  been  grown  in  Florida,  and  is  valuable  as  an  early  variety  for 
home  use. 

Egg,  (St.  Michael's.) — A  very  large,  thick  rinded,  oval  orange;  remark- 
ably juicy,  but  not  rich ;  a  great  bearer. 

Imported  from  the  Island  of  St.  Michael's,  and  not  fruited  in  Florida. 

*  HomOSaSSa. — Size  about  medium,  somewhat  flattened,  very  heavy, 
color  bright ;  skin  very  smooth,  thin,  tough,  and  dense ;  pulp  fine,  sweet, 
and  juicy ;  flavor  full,  vinous,  and  sprightly ;  membrane  covering  segments 
of  pulp  very  thin  and  small  in  quantity ;  ripens  very  early,  and  keeps  and 
carries  well.  One  of  the  best  for  general  cultivation. 

Seedling  raised  at  Homosassa,  Florida. 

Maltese  Blood. — Fruit  large,  sweet,  juicy,  and  seedless.  It  is  distin- 
guished by  the  blood-red  color  of  the  pulp.  This  appears  in  the  form  of 
flakes  when  the  fruit  begins  to  ripen,  which  gradually  increase  until  the 
entire  pulp  is  colored.  The  tree  is  thornless. 


NEW    GLIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE.  13 


Introduced  from  the  Island  of  Malta,  where  it  is  largely  cultivated. 

*  Maqnum  Bonum.— Size  large  to  very  large  ;  flattened  ;  color  light, 
clear  orange ;  skin  smooth  and  glossy ;  grain  fine,   tender,  and  melting  ; 
fruit  heavy  and  juicy  ;  juice  sweet,  rich,  and  vinous ;  quality  best. 

Probably  a  seedling  raised  at  Homosassa,  Fla. 

Navel. — Synonyms,  Umbilical,  Bahia,  Embiguo.  Fruit  very  large, 
seedless  or  nearly  so ;  sweet,  juicy,  and  highly  flavored.  It  is  distinctly 
marked  by  a  peculiar,  constant,  umbilical  formation  at  the  summit  or  end 
of  the  fruit  opposite  the  stem.  The  tree  is  thornless,  and  bears  very  young. 
Although  not  as  prolific  as  some  of  the  native  sorts,  it  is  by  no  means  a  shy 
bearer,  and  the  fruit  is  uniformly  large  and  fine.  The  best  variety  grown 
for  general  cultivation.  Origin,  Bahia,  Brazil. 

It  was  introduced  in  1835,  by  J.  D.  Browne,  author  of  "  Trees  of  America," 
and  planted  in  the  grove  of  Z.  Kingsley,  on  Drayton  Island,  Lake 
George,  Fla.  It  was  also  imported  by  Mr  Parsons  in  1869,  and  has  since 
been  widely  disseminated  throughout  the  State. 

*  Nonpareil. — Size  above  medium,  somewhat  flattened,  color  ordinary, 
grain  fine,    pulp  melting  and  tender,  juice  sub-acid  and  vinous,  quality 
good. 

Seedling  raised  by  Mrs-  Mary  Richard,  Arlington  river,  Duval  Co.,  Fla. 

Osceola.— Size  large,  slightly  flattened,  skin  smooth  and  glossy,  grain 
coarse,  pulp  rather  melting,  juice  sweet,  quality  good. 

Seedling  raised  by  L.  H.  Van  Pelt,  Mandarin,  Fla. 

Old  Vini.— Size  above  medium,  slightly  flattened,  color  dark  orange, 
skin  rough,  grain  coarse,  pulp  melting,  juice  sub-acid  and  remarkable  for 
a  sprightly  vinous  property,  quality  good. 

Seedling  raised  by  Col-  F.  L-  Dancy. 

Praia. — Synonym,  Silver  Orange.  Color  of  rind  pale  yellow,  flesh 
pale,  rind  very  thin,  flavor  piquant  and  delicious. 

A  variety  from  Rivers. 

*  PeerleSS. — Very  large  ;  round  ;  color  light,  clear  orange  ;  skin  smooth 
and  thin  ;  fruit  heavy  and  juicy,  juice  sub-acid ;  flavor  delicious.     The  tree 
a  strong  grower  and  prolific  bearer-     Highly  esteemed  by  all  who  have 
tested  its  merits.     One  of  the  best  native  varieties  for  general  cultivation. 

This  variety  originated  at  Lake  George,  probably  in  the  old  Kingsley 
grove  on  Drayton  Island,  and  has  been  introduced  by  ourselves. 

Sweet  Seville,  (Hicks'.)  —  Size  small,  slightly  flattened,  color  com- 
paratively deep,  skin  smooth  and  thin,  grain  fine,  juicy  and  melting,  juice 
sweet  and  sprightly,  superior  in  every  respect  except  size.  Foliage  differs 
slightly  from  the  type,  the  leaves  being  markedly  obovate. 

Supposed  Seedling  raised  at  Arcadia 

Sustain.— Large  and  remarkable  for  its  sweet  juices-  A  variety  from 
Rivers. 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


St.  Michael's.  —  Size  medium,  round,  pale  yellow,  seedless,  skin  thin, 
pulp  sweet  and  delicious.     Tree  prolific.     One  of  the  best. 
Imported  from  the  Island  of  St.  Michael's,  one  of  the  Azores. 

Tahiti.  —  Large  size,  round,  pale  yellow",  skin  very  thin,  grain  fine,  pulp 
tender  and  melting,  juice  sub-acid  and  delicious.  Tree  thorny  and  prolific. 

Origin,  Tahiti,  one  of  the  South  Sea  Islands,  from  whence  California 
formerly  received  its  supply  of  oranges.  Introduced  by  Mr.  Wm.  New- 
bold,  of  Crescent  City,  Fla. 

TardifF.  —  Synonym,  Harfs  Late..  Size  medium,  skin  smooth  and  thin, 
grain  fine,  with  a  brisk  and  racy  flavor  ;  ripens  late,  and  remains  in  full 
perfection  until  July  1-  Desirable. 

Seedling  raised  by  E.  H.  Hart,  of  Federal  Point,  Fla. 

White.  —  Large,  color  pale  yellow,  flesh  very  pale,  flavor  rich  and  good. 
A  variety  from  Rivers. 


THE  BIGARADE  ORANGE,  (61  bigaradia*) 

The  Bigarade,  Seville,  or  Bitter  Orange,  is  distinguished  from  the  Sweet 
Orange  by  the  lighter  color  of  its  foliage,  spiny  branches,  and  broader 
winged  leaf -stalks.  Flowers  very  white  and  sweet-scented.  Fruit  round, 
rough,  of  a  dark  reddish  yellow  color,  filled  with  a  sour  or  bitter  pulp.  It 
is  the  hardiest  of  all  the  species. 

Many  varieties  are  cultivated  in  Europe,  chiefly  for  the  perfume  obtained 
from  the  flowers- 

Sour. — Fruit  large,  round,  color  dark,  grain  coarse,  pulp  less  bitter  than 
usual,  juice  very  acid.  Retains  its  perfection  until  very  late  in  the  season, 
and  is  much  prized  during  summer  for  its  refreshing  acid  juice.  It  is  also 
used  in  making  marmalade  and  conserves.  The  young  trees  form  the  best 
stocks  on  which  to  propagate  the  other  species  ;  it  also  makes  a  desirable 
and  ornamental  shade-tree. 

A  variety  of  the  native  or  wild  orange  of  Florida. 

Bitter  Sweet. — Medium  size,  round,  color  light,  juice  sweet  and  pleas- 
ant when  separated  from  the  inner  bitter  rind.  Highly  esteemed  as  a  sto- 
machic and  tonic.  It  is  much  used  in  summer  as  a  substitute  for  the  sweet 
fruit. 

Like  the  above,  one  of  the  native  wild  varieties  of  Florida. 

Variegated- Leaved. — ^ot  vet  fruited  in  Florida.     Leaves  mottled 
with  white,  pale  straw  color,  and  several  shades  of  green. 
An  imported  variety. 

Myrtifolia,  (Myrtle-Leaved.)— Fruit  small  and  slightly  flattened-   Fla 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE.  15 


vor  resembles  that  of  the  Bitter  Sweet.  Fruit  useless.  A  handsome  dwarf 
tree  with  small,  dense,  dark  green,  glossy  leaves.  A  beautiful  shrub  for 
ornamental  grounds.  Imported. 


THE  MANDARIN  ORANGE,  (C.  nobilis.) 

It  is  regarded  by  some  botanists  as  a  distinct  species,  and  by  others  as  a 
marked  variety  of  the  Sweet  Orange,  It  is  also  called  the  Tangierine 
Orange. 

The  Mandarin,  or  Mandarin  Orange,  is  a  very  beautiful  tree,  distinguished 
by  its  small,  lanceolate  leaves  ;  slender,  flexible  branches  ;  dwarf  and  some- 
what formal  habit  of  growth,  and  the  aromatic  odor  of  the  fruit  and  foli- 
age. The  flowers  are  white  and  smaller  than  those  of  the  Sweet  Orange. 
The  fruit  is  small,  flattened,  of  a  deep  saffron  color,  with  loosely  adherent 
rind.  It  is  very  highly  esteemed  in  the  markets  of  Europe. 

China. — Synonym,  Willow- Leaved  Orange. — It  is  sometimes  erroneously 
called  the  Bergamot  Orange,  and  may  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  the  spe- 
cies. Fruit  small,  flattened,  color  deep  yellow,  skin  thin,  skin  and  seg- 
ments loosely  adherent,  flesh  dark  orange  colored,  spicy  and  aromatic. 
Trees  dwarf,  with  willow-like  foliage.  Very  hardy.  Ornamental  and  de- 
sirable. Was  probably  introduced  into  Florida  from  Louisiana. 

St.  Michael's. — Synonym,  St.  MichaePs  Tangierine.  —  Has  not  been 
fruited  in  this  State-  Tree  resembles  the  above,  and  is  doubtless  identical 
with  it,  or  very  similar.  Variety  from  the  Island  of  St.  Michael's. 

Moragne.— Synonym,  MoragnJs  Tangierine. — Fruit  large,  flattened, 
of  a  deep  crimson  color,  flesh  dark  orange,  pulp  adhering  by  few1  filaments, 
juice  sweet  and  highly  aromatic,  superior  in  quality  to  the  type.  Tree  re- 
markable for  its  size  and  foliage,  which  somewhat  resemble  the  Sweet 
Orange,  retaining,  however,  the  aroma  peculiar  to  the  species. 

Introduced  from  Bayou  Sara,  La,,  by  Major  At  way,  and  growing  in  the 
grove  of  Dr.  Moragne,  at  Palatka,  Fla. 

*  BijOU. — Synonym,  Dances  Tangierine.  A  seedling  from  the  Moragne 
variety,  grown  by  Col.  Dancy,  of  Orange  Mills,  Fla.  The  fruit  resembles 
that  of  the  parent  stock,  but  is  superior  in  quality.  It  is  decidedly  the  best 
variety  for  general  cultivation. 

THE  LEMON,  (C.  limonum.) 

Trees  of  straggling,  irregular  habit;  foliage  light  green;  leaf-stalks  wing- 
less, shoots  purple,  flowers  tinged  with  violet  externally ;  fruit  oblong,  pale 
yellow,  with  swollen  point,  and  acid  pulp. 


16  NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


Largely  grown  for  market  in  Europe,  and  promising  good  returns  in 
Florida. 

Bitter.  —  Fruit  medium  sized,  rough,  coarse,  with  bitter  acid  pulp. 
Leaves  small.  Valueless  except  for  variety.  A  native  of  Florida. 

BIJOU.— Fruit  large  and  flat,  thin  skinned,  and  said  to  be  superior  to  the 
Sicily  Lemon.  An  imported  variety. 

Sicily. — Medium  sized,  smooth,  thin  skinned  and  juicy. 

This  variety  is  not  a  Florida-raised  seedling,  but  the  genuine  imported 
Sicily  lemon. 

Everbearing. — Fruit  resembles  the  Sicily  Tree  blooms  and  bears 
constantly-  Very  desirable  for  home  use- 

*  Lamb. — Size  above  medium,  skin  thin,  very  juicy,  flavor  excellent. 
Seedling  raised  by  James  H-  Lamb,  Beresford,  Fla. 

*  French's  Seedling.— Small,  somewhat  flattened,  very  thin  skinned, 
skin  tough  and  dense,  heavy,  membrane  covering  segments  of  pulp  thin 
and  small  in  quantity,  pulp  fine  and  juicy,   highly  flavored.     Fully  equal 
to  the  imported  Sicily  fruit,  and  decidedly  the  best  lemon  yet  brought  to 
public  notice  in  this  State-     It  took  the  premium  at  the  last  Orange  Co.  Fair. 

A  Seedling  raised  by  Dr.  Seth  French,  of  Orange  County,  Fla- 

Mammoth.— Exceedingly  large,  the  fruit  often  nine  or  ten  inches  in 
length,  and  weighing  over  a  pound ;  skin  smooth  and  thick.  Valuable  as 
a  curiosity.  A  native  seedling. 

Moore's  Seedling.— Medium  sized,  thin  skinned  and  juicy.  Quality 
superior. 

Seedling  raised  \)y  the  Rev.  W-  T-  Moore,  of  Fruit  Cove,  Fla- 

Sweet. — Same  as  Dulcis,  or  Sweet  Lime,  q.  v. 

THE  LIME,  (C.  limetta.) 

A  shrub,  with  small  ovate  leaves  and  spreading  prickly  branches  ;  flower 
small  and  entirely  white,  fruit  small,  roundish,  pale  yellow,  with  a  slight 
protuberance  at  the  end- 

It  is  cultivated  both  for  its  fruit  and  for  hedges-  The  fruit  is  used  for 
the  same  purposes  as  the  lemon,  and  is  of  a  more  agreeable  flavor. 

*  Florida.— Medium  size,,  skin  thin  and  smooth,  acid  juice  rich  and 
abundant-     Best  for  general  cultivation. 

Seedling  grown  in  the  Kingsley  grove  on  Drayton  Island. 

DulClS. --Synonym,  Sweet  Lime.  Size  Large,  skin  thick,  pulpy,  juice 
insipidly  sweet-  Tree  slightly  resembles  the  lemon  in  habit-  Valuable 
only  as  a  variet\',  and  for  preserving. 

Imported  from  Europe- 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE.  17 


THE  CITRON,  (C.  medica.) 

An  irregular,  branching,  strong-shooting  tree,  with  full  head  ;  shoots 
purplish  ;  leaves  large,  thick,  oblong,  wingless,  and  toothed ;  flowers  tinged 
with  violet  externally ;  fruit  very  large,  warted,  and  furrowed ;  rind  white, 
fragrant,  and  very  thick ;  pulp  sub-acid. 

Used  mainly  for  making  conserves.  The  preserved  citron  of  commerce 
is  made  from  the  rind. 

Oranqe. — Shape  round  like  the  orange;  size  large;  skin  pale  yellow 
and  uneven ;  inner  skin  white,  thick,  and  coarse.  DesirabJe. 

*  Lemon. — Shape  oblong  like  the  lemon;  size  very  large ;  color  light 
yellow  ;  skin  irregular  and  glossy ;  inner  skin  thick,  spongy,  and  aromatic. 
Best  variety  for  general  cultivation. 


THE  SHADDOCK,  (C.  decumana.) 

A  strong-growing  tree,  with  thick  spiny  branches,  distinguished  by  its 
large  leaves  and  broadly- winged  leaf-stalks.  Flowers  large  and  white. 
Fruit  very  large,  globular,  of  a  pale  yellow  color.  More  showy  than  useful. 

*  Mammoth. — This  may  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  the  species.  Size 
very  large ;  skin  smooth  and  glossy  ;  rind  thick,  white,  spongy,  and  bitter  ; 
pulp  green,  watery,  and  sub-acid.  The  most  desirable. 

Blood. — Same  as  the  above,  with  blood-red  pulp. 

PomolO.— Synonym,  Grape  Fruit.  It  is  classed  by  some  as  a  distinct 
species,  (C.  Pompelmouse.'}  It  is  undoubtedly  a  variety  of  the  Shaddock. 

Size  small ;  skin  smooth ;  color  pale  yellow  ;  pulp  sub-acid  and  refreshing. 


THE  BERGAMOT,  (C.  bergamia.) 

This  fruit  is  also  known  as  the  Bergamot  Orange  and  the  Bergamot  Le- 
mon, It  is  regarded  by  some  as  a  variety  of  the  Sweet  Orange,  and  by 
others  as  a  variety  of  the  Lime  or  Lemon.  It  is  elevated  by  Risso  to  the 
rank  of  a  distinct  species. 

The  tree  is  of  dwarf  habit  ;  branches  long,  pliant,  and  spiny  ;  leaves  re- 
semble those  of  the  Sweet  Orange  in  shape,  and  of  the  Lemon  in  texture  ; 
flowers  white  ;  fruit  pear-shaped,  pale  yellow,  with  a  green,  sub-acid,  firm, 
fragrant  pulp. 

It  is  largely  grown  in  Europe  to  obtain  the  fragrant  oil  of  bergamot, 
which  is  manufactured  from  the  rind. 

VulgariS. — The  type  of  the  species,  as  described  above.  Valuable  only 
as  an  ornamental  variety. 


18  .MEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


EAST  INDIA  SPECIES. 

Many  varieties  of  the  citrus  have  been  recently  introduced  from  the  East 
which  do  not  belong  to  the  species  heretofore  classified  by  botanists.  The 
following  are  of  this  number. 

Citrus  Japonica.  —  Synonym,  Dwarf  Orange.  Fruit  small,  slightly 
obovate  ;  color  deep  orange  ;  skin  thin  ;  fruit  regularly  ribbed  or  lobed  ; 
color  of  flesh  dark  ;  grain  fine  and  tender  ;  juice  very  acid. 

Useless  except  as  an  ornamental  fruit. 

Otaheite,  (Taitensis.)—&.  very  pretty,  rather  dwarf  variety,  bearing  an 
abundance  of  reddish  flowers,  and  small,  showy  fruit,  sweet  and  thin-skinned. 
Valuable  only  as  an  ornamental  shrub. 

SinensiS.—  A.  small  acid  fruit  resembling  the  lemon  in  shape  and  the 
Sour  or  Bigarade  Orange  in  color  and  the  flavor  of  the  pulp.  A  dwarf 
shrub  with  small  leaves. 

Klimquat.  —  A.  small  species  of  the  orange,  a  native  of  China  and  Japan, 
and  much  cultivated  in  those  countries.  It  has  been  introduced  into  Aus- 
tralia. It  endures  more  frost  than  any  other  of  the  genus,  and  will  proba- 
bly prove  a  valuable  acquisition  to  many  parts  of  Europe  and  America. 
The  plant  is  a  shrub  sometimes  six  feet  high,  but  in  cultivation  it  is  not  al- 
lowed to  exceed  the  height  of  a  gooseberry  bush.  The  fruit  is  oval,  and 
about  the  size  of  a  large  gooseberry  ;  the  rind  is  sweet,  and  the  juice  acid. 
It  is  delicious  and  refreshing.  The  Chinese  make  an  excellent  sweetmeat 
by  preserving  it  in  sugar. 


PRICE    LIST. 


Botelha,  Dulcissima,  Excelsior,  Exquisite,  St.  Michael's  Egg,  Maltese 
Blood,  Prata,  Sustain,  Tahiti,  White,  St.  Michael's  Mandarin,  Bijou  Le- 
mon, Sicily  Lemon,  Sweet  Lime,  Blood  Shaddock,  Bergamot,  Citrus  Ja- 
ponica,  Otaheite,  Sinensis,  Kumquat,  75  cents  each. 

All  the  varieties  described  in  our  Catalogue,  except  the  foregoing,  50  cents 
each,  f  5-00  per  dozen. 

Navel,  Peerless,  Lamb  Lemon,  French's  Seedling  Lemon,  etc  ,  will  be 
furnished  at  wholesale  rates.  (See  Special  Price  List. ) 

Trees  by  Mail. 

Smaller  trees  or  dormant  buds  will  be  sent  by  mail,  postage  prepaid,  at 
the  above  retail  rates. 


NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


19 


Diospyros  Kaki,  or  Japanese  Persimmon. 


'HIS  delicious  and  val- 
uable fruit  is  being 
grown  in  various  parts 
of  the  country,  and  its 
successful  culture  fully  es- 
tablished. 

It  commends  itself  to  the 
public  as  follows : 

1.  The  tree  is  highly  or- 
namental, a  prolific  bearer, 
as  hardy  as  the  pear,  and 
fruits  as  early. 

2.  Its  fruit  may  be  safely' 
transported  to  any  part  of 
the  country. 

3.  It  is  in  season  from  October  to  March,  when  other  fresh  fruits  are 
scarce.     When  dried  it  is  equal  to  figs,  and  can  be  kept  a  long  time. 

4.  It  is  of  a  bright  yellow,  orange  or  vermilion  color,  is  unsurpassed  for 
the  table,  and  is  considered  equal  to  the  peach  or  pear.     It  ranges  in  weight 
from  eight  to  twenty  ounces.     Some  grown  by  Col.  Hollister,  of  Santa 
Barbara,  Cal. ,  averaged  three-quarters  of  a  pound  each. 

5.  Four  of  the  best  varieties  are  offered  for  sale. 

6.  All  are  grafted,  and  reliable,  and  will  fruit  in  from  one  to  tliree  years. 
The  persimmon  should  be  planted  like  the  apple.     A  gravelly  or  light  soil 

is  preferable.  It  grows  to  a  large  size,  and  is  said  to  attain  the  age  of  a 
hundred  years-  It  is  not  affected  by  the  curculio. 

There  is  no  fruit  in  Japan  more  popular  than  the  Date  Plum  or  Persim- 
mon. It  has  been  crossed  and  recrossed  until  it  is  to  Japan  what  the  apple 
is  to  America,  The  fruit  is  found  in  the  same  varieties  of  climate  as  the 
wild  Persimmon  of  the  Eastern  and  Southern  States,  and  appears  to  be 
equally  as  hardy.  The  seedling  trees  fruit  in  about  ten  years,  and,  like  the 
apple  or  peach,  are  not  reliable. 

There  are  two  principal  divisions  of  the  many  varieties,  the  first  of  which 
is  large,  round,  shaped  like  Rhode  Island  Greening  Apple.  •  The  flesh  of 
this  resembles  the  pear  or  apple,  and  is  eaten  in  the  same  manner.  Its  color 
is  rich  golden,  and  the  meat  "juicy,  vinous  and  firm."  This  variety  should 
be  enclosed  for  a  few  days  in  a  tight  cask  to  render  it  perfect. 

The  second  variety  is  oblong,  resembling  in  shape  a  minie  ball.  This  has 
a  deeper,  darker  shade  than  the  other  ;  is  soft,  sweet,  and  custard-like ;  is 
eaten  with  a  spoon,  and  with  cream  and  sugar  is  one  of  the  most  delicious 


20  NEW    GUIDE    TO    ORANGE    CULTURE. 


fruits  that  is  known.  The  fruit  attains  a  very  large  size.  It  is  the  variety 
mostly  dried  and  prepared  like  figs  for  market. 

Prof.  W.  E.  Griffis,  the  author  of  "The  Mikado's  Empire,"  writes,  "As 
regards  the  value  of  the  Japanese  Persimmon,  there  can  be  but  one  opinion, 
the  tree  itself  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  fruit  trees,  and  in  the  fall,  with 
its  golden-hued  fruit  hanging  to  the  branches  after  the  leaves  have  fallen, 
forms  a  beautiful  and  striking  picture  in  a  landscape. 

"As  to  the  fruit  itself,  it  is  nutritious,  palatable,  and  to  a  high  degree 
charged  with  those  chemical  ingredients  which  give  most  fruits  their  value 
in  preserving  the  health  and  purifying  the  blood.  This  fact  is  insisted  upon 
by  the  Japanese  doctors,  some  of  whom  I  have  known  to  cure  their  pa- 
tients by  a  'persimmon  cure'  like  that  of  the  'grape  cure'  of  Southern 
Europe. 

"The  large  amount  of  'grape'  sugar  in  this  fruit  has  set  some  persons 
experimenting  on  them  to  determine  whether  sugar  could  be  extracted  in 
paying  quantities.  I  do  not  know  whether  satisfactory  results  have  yet 
been  obtained.  The  fact  of  their  containing  so  much  saccharine  matter  is 
the  reason  of  the  ease  with  which  they  may  be  dried  or  cured,  in  which 
form  they  are  sold  as  sweetmeats  in  Japanese  shops." 

VARIETIES. 

DAIMIO — Slightly  oblong :  reddish  color  with  dark  point :  medium  size  ; 
flesh  soft  ;  ripens  in  October.  Called  "  Yedo's  best  Persimmon." 

MIKADO— Flat,  or  like  a  tomato  in  shape ;  medium  size  ;  bright  j^ellow 
color ;  flesh  solid.  This  is  a  very  common  and  popular  fruit  in  the  vicinity 
of  Yedo.  It  is  not  much  used  for  drying.  Some  of  the  specimens  have 
no  seeds,  and  especially  when  the  trees  are  young. 

NIIION — Slightly  oblong;  yellowish  red  ;  black  spots  on  the  surface  and 
in  the  flesh  ;  flesh  solid ;  very  early. 

TAIKON — Round,  pale  or  greenish  yellow  color ;  fair  size  ;  ripens  in  Oc- 
tober. A  great  favorite  in  Western  Japan,  where  it  grows  to  a  large  size. 

PRICE.  v 

Two  vears'  old  trees...  ...75  cents  each. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


WE  MAKE  THE  CITRUS  A  SPECIALTY,  but  si  mil 

offer  for  sale,  from  time  to  time,  sucli  useful  and  orna- 
mental trees  and  plants  as  we  may  have  in  surplus  stock. 
The  following  are  of  this  number  : 

FIGS. — Black    Ischia ;    Brown    Turkey ;   White    Mar- 
seilles  25  cents  each. 

POMEGRANATES. — Sweet 25  cents  each. 

GUINA  GRASS. — 75  cents  per  100,  $5,00  per  1000. 
PAMPAS  GRASS. — 25  cents  each, 

OLEANDERS. — White  ;  Pink 25  cents  each. 

CALADIUMS.  —  Batariensis;    Gibsoni ;    Javanica  ;  15 
/    cents  each,  $1.50  per  dozen. 

TUBEROSES.—  White    Italian  ;    Pearl ;    10  cents  each  ; 
$1.00  per  dozen. 


* 


1)01 


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LIBRARY,  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  DAVIS 

Book  Slip-50m-9,'70(N9877s8) 458— A-31/5, 


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O— «£--£— O- 


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N9  803500 


SB370 

Manville,  E.A.          07 
New  guide  to  orange    M3 
culture. 


LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
DAVIS 


